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47

CGST Act · Section 47

Late fee

☐ Has return filing due date been tracked? ☐ For delay, has late fee been computed? ☐ For NIL returns, has reduced framework been applied? ☐ For amnesty schemes, has Notification framework been considered? ☐ Has coordination with s. 50…

Section 47 late fee compliance — checklist (19 items)

Section 47 late fee compliance — checklist (19 items)

☐ Has return filing due date been tracked?

☐ For delay, has late fee been computed?

☐ For NIL returns, has reduced framework been applied?

☐ For amnesty schemes, has Notification framework been considered?

☐ Has coordination with s. 50 interest been done?

☐ Has coordination with s. 46 GSTR-3A framework been considered?

☐ For cancellation cascade, has s. 30 revocation been considered?

☐ Has late fee payment been coordinated with subsequent return?

☐ Has Modern Dental proportionality framework been applied?

☐ Has Mafatlal procedural-fairness framework been observed?

☐ Has Bharti Airtel substance-over-form discipline been applied?

☐ Has Mohit Minerals constitutional framework been applied?

☐ Has Vatika prospective-operation been applied?

☐ Has documentary trail been preserved?

☐ Has Whirlpool framework been considered for disputes?

☐ Has Maneka Gandhi procedural-fairness been applied?

☐ Has coordination with broader compliance framework been done?

☐ Has the file been reviewed for audit-defensibility?

☐ Has coordination with State / UTGST parallel framework been done?

Worked examples — five live scenarios

Example 1 — Standard late fee

Facts: GSTR-3B for Aug 2025 filed 30 days late.

Analysis: Sub-s. (1) — Rs. 100/day × 30 = Rs. 3,000 (CGST). Combined CGST + SGST = Rs. 6,000. Within Rs. 5,000 cap per Act = Rs. 5,000 cap operative. Effective combined cap = Rs. 10,000. Actual Rs. 6,000.

Result: Within cap. Practitioner advice — file immediately on receipt of GSTR-3A.

Example 2 — NIL return reduced framework

Facts: NIL GSTR-3B filed 60 days late.

Analysis: Notification 7/2021-CT — Rs. 50/day, max Rs. 500 per Act. Late fee = Rs. 50 × 60 = Rs. 3,000 → capped at Rs. 500. Combined CGST + SGST = Rs. 1,000.

Result: NIL return reduced framework.

Example 3 — Annual return late fee

Facts: GSTR-9 for FY 2024-25 filed 100 days late. Turnover Rs. 10 cr.

Analysis: Sub-s. (2) — Rs. 100/day × 100 = Rs. 10,000 (CGST). Cap 0.25% × Rs. 10 cr = Rs. 2.5 lakh. Within cap. Combined CGST + SGST = Rs. 20,000.

Result: Annual return late fee framework operative.

Example 4 — Amnesty scheme restoration

Facts: FY 2017-18 annual return non-filing. Notification 22/2021-CT amnesty.

Analysis: Amnesty Notification reduces late fee for restoration. Practitioner files GSTR-9 with reduced late fee per Notification framework.

Result: Amnesty framework restoration.

Example 5 — Cascading non-compliance

Facts: Continuous non-filing → GSTR-3A → non-response → s. 62 best-judgment.

Analysis: Cascading enforcement. Late fee + interest + best-judgment tax. Practitioner advice — immediate filing breaks cascade. Late fee + interest + tax + s. 62 withdrawal under Rule 100 if filed within 60 days of s. 62 order.

Result: Cascading framework; restoration possible.

Planning and litigation strategy

  • • Build compliance calendar for return due dates.
  • • For delays, compute late fee + interest framework.
  • • Track Notification-based reductions for NIL returns + small taxpayers.
  • • Coordinate with amnesty schemes for historical restoration.
  • • For cancellation cascades, plan s. 30 revocation framework.
  • • Coordinate with s. 50 interest computation.
  • • Apply Modern Dental proportionality framework.
  • • Apply Mafatlal procedural-fairness framework defensively.
  • • Apply Vatika prospective-operation for amendments.
  • • Coordinate with State / UTGST parallel framework.
  • • Build precedent file on s. 47 jurisprudence.
  • • Train compliance teams on late fee framework.
  • • Maintain readiness for late fee disputes.
  • • Build documentary trail of payment.
  • • Coordinate with broader compliance framework.

Litigation defence

  • • For late fee disputes, plead Modern Dental proportionality + sub-s. cap framework.
  • • Apply Mafatlal procedural-fairness framework defensively.
  • • Use Bharti Airtel substance-over-form discipline.
  • • Apply Vatika prospective-operation for Notification reductions.
  • • Plead Mohit Minerals constitutional framework.
  • • Use Whirlpool framework for writ jurisdiction.
  • • Apply Calcutta Discount Co. for jurisdictional discipline.
  • • For amnesty scheme claims, plead specific Notification framework.
  • • For NIL return reduced framework, plead specific Notification.
  • • Build precedent file on s. 47 jurisprudence.
  • • Coordinate with State / UTGST parallel framework.
  • • Maintain readiness for late fee litigation.
  • • Use Maneka Gandhi procedural-fairness for natural-justice anchor.
  • • Apply Dilip Kumar discipline where applicable.
  • • Coordinate with broader compliance defence.
  • • For unavoidable delay defences, plead documentary trail of reasons.

Cross-references

  • • Section 37 (GSTR-1)
  • • Section 39 (GSTR-3B)
  • • Section 44 (GSTR-9)
  • • Section 45 (GSTR-10)
  • • Section 46 (GSTR-3A notice)
  • • Section 50 (Interest)
  • • Section 52 (GSTR-8 TCS)
  • • Section 62 (Best-judgment assessment)
  • • Section 122 (Penalty)
  • • Notification 76/2018-CT (small taxpayer reduction)
  • • Notification 7/2021-CT (NIL return cap)
  • • Notification 22/2021-CT (annual return cap)
  • • Notification 7/2023-CT (amnesty)
  • • Notification 03/2023-CT (amnesty)
  • • Section 9 (Levy framework)
  • • Section 16 (ITC eligibility)
  • • Section 31 (Tax invoice)
  • • Section 37, 38, 39 (Return framework)
  • • Section 49 (Payment)
  • • Section 50 (Interest)
  • • Section 73, 74 (Recovery)
  • • Section 122 (Penalty)
  • • Section 161 (Rectification)
  • • Section 168 (Instructions)
  • • Article 246A, Constitution of India (concurrent legislative power)
  • • Rules 59-68 (Returns framework)
  • • Notification 4/2017-CT (Common Portal)
  • • Mohit Minerals (2022) 10 SCC 700 (constitutional architecture)
  • • Vatika Township (2014) 367 ITR 466 (prospective operation)
  • • Mafatlal Industries (1997) 5 SCC 536 (procedural framework)
  • • Bharti Airtel v UoI (2021) 11 SCC 374 (substance over form)
  • • Whirlpool Corporation (1998) 8 SCC 1 (writ jurisdiction)
  • • Calcutta Discount Co. AIR 1961 SC 372 (jurisdictional limits)
  • • Modern Dental College (2016) 7 SCC 353 (proportionality)
  • • Maneka Gandhi (1978) 1 SCC 248 (procedural fairness)
  • • Dilip Kumar (2018) 9 SCC 1 (strict construction)