Section 115VY — Amalgamation

CHAPTER XII-G — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO INCOME OF SHIPPING COMPANIES (TONNAGE TAX)

Section 115VY — Amalgamation

Case Laws & Commentary · Income-tax Act, 1961 (as amended by the Finance Act, 2026) · bharattax.co Treatise

Chapter / Part: Chapter XII-G (Special Provisions Relating to Income of Shipping Companies — the Tonnage Tax Scheme), inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004 w.e.f. 1-4-2005 (AY 2005-06).

Finance Act, 2026: No amendment. The Finance Act, 2026 does not touch any section of Chapter XII-G (verified against the Finance Act, 2026 text).

Finance Act, 2025: Extended the Scheme to inland vessels (Inland Vessels Act, 2021) — inland-vessel words inserted across the Chapter w.e.f. 1-4-2026; s.115VP timeline/IFSC provisos also added. Text below is the in-force position for AY 2026-27.

A. SECTION COMMENTARY

1. Carrying the Scheme through an amalgamation

Section 115VY provides for the survival of the Scheme on amalgamation. Where a company amalgamates with another, the tonnage-tax provisions apply, 'as far as may be', to the amalgamated company IF it is a qualifying company. Three provisos calibrate the outcome: (i) if the amalgamated company is not already a tonnage tax company, it must exercise a s.115VP option within three months of the approval of the amalgamation scheme; (ii) where the amalgamating companies are all tonnage tax companies, the Chapter applies to the amalgamated company for the LONGEST unexpired option period; and (iii) where one amalgamating company was a qualifying company on 1-10-2004 but did not opt within the initial period, the Chapter does NOT apply to the amalgamated company and the shipping income is computed normally.

2. Reading with general amalgamation law

Section 115VY is a Chapter-specific overlay on the general amalgamation provisions (e.g. s.72A for losses, which is in any event excluded for option-period qualifying-ship losses by s.115VL(ii)). The 'longest unexpired period' rule prevents the ten-year clock from being reset or truncated by corporate reorganisation, preserving the bargain struck under s.115VQ.

B. STATUTORY POSITION (verbatim operative text)

Section 115VY, Income-tax Act, 1961 (Chapter XII-G):

115VY. Where there has been an amalgamation of a company with another company or companies, then, subject to the other provisions of this section, the provisions relating to the tonnage tax scheme shall, as far as may be, apply to the amalgamated company if it is a qualifying company:

Provided that where the amalgamated company is not a tonnage tax company, it shall exercise an option for tonnage tax scheme under sub-section (1) of section 115VP within three months from the date of the approval of the scheme of amalgamation:

Provided further that where the amalgamating companies are tonnage tax companies, the provisions of this Chapter shall, as far as may be, apply to the amalgamated company for such period as the option for tonnage tax scheme which has the longest unexpired period continues to be in force:

Provided also that where one of the amalgamating companies is a qualifying company as on the 1st day of October, 2004 and which has not exercised the option for tonnage tax scheme within the initial period, the provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to the amalgamated company and the income of the amalgamated company from the business of operating qualifying ships shall be computed in accordance with the other provisions of this Act.

Unamended by the Finance Act, 2025 and the Finance Act, 2026.

C. AUTHORITIES

Candour note: No reported decision construes s.115VY directly. The provision is a Chapter-specific overlay on general amalgamation law; the Supreme Court's framing of the Scheme governs its purposive construction.

C-1 Continuity of the presumptive bargain (Supreme Court framing)

CIT v. Trans Asian Shipping Services (P) Ltd — (2016) 385 ITR 637 (SC) / [2016] 71 taxmann.com 35 / (2016) 241 Taxman 30 (SC)

Forum / Bench: Supreme Court of India; T.S. Thakur CJI, A.K. Sikri J and R. Banumathi J. Judgment dated 5 July 2016, affirming the Kerala High Court and the Cochin Bench of the Tribunal.

Provisions: Sections 115VA, 115VB, 115VF, 115VG (including the s.115VG(4) Explanation on 'deemed tonnage') and 115VX, read with Rule 11Q; Chapter XII-G generally.

Issue: Whether income from 'slot charter' operations of a tonnage tax company can be included in 'tonnage income' under the Tonnage Tax Scheme (TTS) even where those operations are carried on in ships that are NOT the company's own 'qualifying ships' — and whether production of the tonnage certificate referred to in s.115VX is a pre-condition for computing such slot-charter income.

Held: Allowing the assessee, the Court held that although only income from operating a 'qualifying ship' is computed under Chapter XII-G, s.115VB expressly treats a company as 'operating a ship' even where only a PART of a ship has been chartered in under an arrangement such as slot charter, space charter or joint charter. A slot-charter arrangement is made with a shipping line and not in relation to an identified ship, so the carrying vessel (and its certificate) cannot be identified. The 'deemed tonnage' mechanism in the Explanation to s.115VG(4) — covering purchase of slots, slot charter and sharing of break-bulk vessel — was introduced precisely to capture such arrangements; to insist on a s.115VX certificate for slot charters would render deemed tonnage otiose. The s.115VX certificate requirement therefore does NOT apply to slot/space-charter operations and the slot-charter income is includible in tonnage income.

Ratio / why it matters: The leading — and only — Supreme Court authority on Chapter XII-G. It settles the architecture of the Scheme: (i) the charging provision is s.115VA read with s.115VF and s.115VG; (ii) the TTS is a 'preferential regime of taxation' to be construed to advance its object of making Indian shipping globally competitive (Rakesh Mohan Committee, January 2002); and (iii) 'deemed tonnage' is a distinct head of tonnage not dependent on a ship-specific certificate. The Court relied on CBDT Circular No. 5/2005 dated 15-7-2005 and reaffirmed that CBDT circulars explaining a scheme bind the Department.

Compiled for the bharattax.co Treatise on the Income-tax Act, 1961 (as amended by the Finance Act, 2026). Statutory text reproduced verbatim from the Income-tax Act, 1961 (text as in force on and after 1 April 2026, incorporating the inland-vessel insertions made by the Finance Act, 2025 with effect from 1 April 2026). Citations are stated as reported; tribunal and stay-stage orders are flagged as such. Where a section has not been judicially construed, that is stated candidly and the nearest governing authority is given. This material is for professional reference and is not legal advice.