Chapter XVII

Section 302 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 159 -- the provision dealing with legal representative within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal representatives /…

Section 303 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 160 -- the provision dealing with representative assessee within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal representatives…

Section 304 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 161 -- the provision dealing with liability of representative assessee within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 305 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 162 -- the provision dealing with right of representative assessee to recover tax within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks…

Section 306 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 163 -- the provision dealing with who may be regarded as agent within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 307 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 164 -- the special provision charging tax at MAXIMUM MARGINAL RATE (MMR) on income of DISCRETIONARY TRUSTS / TRUSTS WHERE BENEFICIARY SHARES INDETERMINATE / UNKNOWN. The provision…

Section 308 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 164 A -- the provision dealing with charge of tax in case of oral trust within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 309 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 corresponds to s. 67A of the Income-tax Act, 1961. STATUTORY ARCHITECTURE Section 309 lays down how a member's share in the income or loss of an association of persons or body of individuals is…

Section 310 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 corresponds to s. 86 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. STATUTORY ARCHITECTURE Section 310 governs how a member of an association of persons or body of individuals is taxed on his share in the income of…

Section 311 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 167 B -- the provision dealing with charge of tax where share unknown within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 312 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 168 -- the provision dealing with executor within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal representatives /…

Section 313 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 170 -- the special-assessment provision for cases where one person SUCCEEDS to business / profession of another otherwise than by death (e.g., sale of business / amalgamation / demerger…

Section 314 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 170 A -- introduced FA 2022 to address SUBSEQUENT TRIBUNAL / COURT ORDERS affecting business reorganisations / amalgamations / mergers. Where NCLT / Court order modifies business…

Section 315 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 171 -- the procedural framework for assessing HINDU UNDIVIDED FAMILY (HUF) post-partition. The provision addresses how AO recognises partition / continuing assessment of HUF /…

Section 316 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 172 -- the SPECIAL VOYAGE-WISE TAX FRAMEWORK for non-resident shipping companies operating ships from Indian ports. The provision provides: (a) PRESUMPTIVE INCOME at 7.5% of gross…

Section 317 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 174 -- the provision dealing with assessment of persons leaving india within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 318 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 174 A -- the provision dealing with person formed for particular event/purpose within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for:…

Section 319 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 175 -- the provision dealing with persons likely to transfer property to avoid tax within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks…

Section 320 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 176 -- the provision dealing with discontinued business within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal representatives /…

Section 321 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 177 -- the provision dealing with association dissolved or business discontinued within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for:…

Section 322 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 178 -- the provision establishing TAX LIABILITY of a company UNDER LIQUIDATION (under Companies Act 2013 / IBC 2016) and DUTIES of the LIQUIDATOR. The provision ensures that tax dues…

Section 323 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 179 -- the provision imposing PERSONAL LIABILITY on DIRECTORS of PRIVATE COMPANY for tax dues unrecoverable from the company itself. The provision applies where (a) tax cannot be…

Section 324 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 167A -- the provision dealing with charge of tax in case of firm within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 325 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 184 -- the provision dealing with assessment as a firm within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal representatives /…

Section 326 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 185 -- the provision dealing with assessment when section 325 not complied within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 327 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 187 -- the provision dealing with change in constitution of firm within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 328 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 188 -- the provision dealing with succession of one firm by another within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 329 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 188 A -- the provision dealing with joint and several liability of partners within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for:…

Section 330 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 189 -- the provision dealing with firm dissolved or business discontinued within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 331 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 167 C -- the provision dealing with liability of llp partners in liquidation within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for:…

Section 332 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 ss. 12A / 12AB -- THE FOUNDATIONAL REGISTRATION PROVISION for charitable trusts / Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs) seeking exemption under s. 11 / 1961 s. 11 . FA 2020 watershed…

Section 333 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 12 AB Proviso -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- switching over of regimes within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability…

Section 334 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11 -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- tax on registered npo income within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks…

Section 335 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(1) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- regular income within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 336 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(2) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- taxable regular income within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for:…

Section 337 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 115 BBC -- the SPECIAL TAX REGIME for ANONYMOUS DONATIONS received by charitable trusts / NPOs. The provision targets cash-deposit / anonymous-corpus building schemes -- where trust…

Section 338 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(1)(d) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- income not in regular income within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability…

Section 339 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(1)(d) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- corpus donation within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 340 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(1)(d) Proviso -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- deemed corpus donation within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability…

Section 341 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(1) read with s. 11(2) -- the foundational APPLICATION-OF-INCOME mechanism that determines whether charitable trust qualifies for s. 11 / s. 334 exemption. The provision establishes…

Section 342 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(2) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- accumulated income within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 343 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(3) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- deemed accumulated income within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks…

Section 344 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(4) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- business undertaking within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for:…

Section 345 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(4A) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- commercial activities restriction within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability…

Section 346 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 2(15) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- object of general public utility within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability…

Section 347 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 12 A(1)(b) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- books of account within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for:…

Section 348 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 12 A(1)(b) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- audit within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 349 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 139(4A) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- return of income within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 350 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 11(5) -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- permitted modes of investment within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks…

Section 351 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 12 AB(4) -- the SPECIFIED VIOLATIONS framework introduced FA 2022 enumerating specific breaches that empower PCIT/CIT to CANCEL trust's registration under s. 332 . Cancellation triggers…

Section 352 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 115 TD -- the EXIT TAX provision targeting charitable trust accumulated wealth. Where a registered trust ceases to qualify for exemption (cancellation under s. 351 / dissolution /…

Section 353 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 13 -- the provision dealing with charitable trust -- other violations within the special-provisions framework under Chapter XVII. The chapter covers liability frameworks for: legal…

Section 354 is the substantive equivalent of 1961 s. 80 G(5) -- the foundational provision authorising charitable trusts / NPOs / specified entities to seek APPROVAL FOR 80G DONATION DEDUCTION ELIGIBILITY (under s. 133(1)(b)(ii) of 2025…

Inserted by the Finance Act, 2026 from 1 April 2026: the tax on accreted income in section 352 does not apply where a registered non-profit organisation merges with another having the same or similar objects and the prescribed conditions are met. It carries forward section 12AC of the 1961 Act.

Section 355 is the DEFINITIONAL ANCHOR for Chapter XVII Special Provisions relating to charitable trusts / NPOs (ss. 332-355) and related provisions. The provision defines critical terms used throughout the chapter: 'charitable purpose' /…