Section 17 — Perquisite | ITA 2025

Section 17 — - PERQUISITE

Section 17 defines 'perquisite' for purposes of the Salaries head -- the in-kind / fringe-benefit component of remuneration provided by employer to employee. The architecture has FOUR sub-sections: (1) inclusionary list of nine categories of perquisite (a)-(i); (2) exclusionary list of six exceptions (a)-(f) covering employer-provided medical care; (3) limits on the medical-treatment-abroad exclusion; (4) interpretive definitions (FMV, family, hospital, option, specified security, sweat equity shares, valuation date for ESOPs). The 1961 s. 17(2) substantive content is preserved fully, including the FA 2020 INR 7,50,000 employer-contribution cap [s. 17(2)(vii)] and the Rule 3B annual-accretion mechanism [s. 17(2)(viia) -- now codified into the 2025 Act as sub-s. (1)(h) and (1)(i) respectively]. Practitioner-grade rule: every Form 16 Part B line-item and every CTC payslip must be tested for perquisite-character before final taxable-salary determination.

Statutory text — Income-tax Act, 2025

Marginal note -- Perquisite

(1) For the purposes of this Part, “perquisite” includes—

(a) the value of rent-free accommodation provided to the assessee by his employer computed in such manner as may be prescribed;

(b) the value of any accommodation, computed in such manner as may be prescribed, provided to the assessee by his employer at a concessional rate which is in excess of rent recoverable from or payable by the assessee;

(c) the value of any benefit or amenity granted or provided free of cost or at concessional rate in the following cases:—

(i) by a company to an employee, who is a director thereof or who has a substantial interest in the company;

(ii) by any employer (including a company) to an employee [other than employee referred in sub-clause (i)] whose income under the head “Salaries” by way of monetary payment (from one or more employers) exceeds such amount as may be prescribed;

(d) the value of any specified security or sweat equity shares allotted or transferred, directly or indirectly, by the current employer, or former employer, free of cost or at concessional rate to the assessee;

(e) the value of any other benefit or amenity, as may be prescribed;

(f) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any obligation which, but for such payment, would have been payable by the assessee;

(g) any sum payable by the employer to effect an assurance on the life of the assessee or to effect a contract for an annuity, whether directly or through a fund, other than—

(i) a recognised provident fund; or

(ii) an approved superannuation fund; or

(iii) a Deposit-linked Insurance Fund established under—

(A) section 3G of the Coal Mines Provident Fund and Miscella- neous Provisions Act, 1948 (46 of 1948); or

(B) section 6C of the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscella- neous Provisions Act, 1952 (19 of 1952);

(h) aggregate amount of any contribution, in excess of ` 750000 in a tax year, made to the account of the assessee by the employer—

(i) in a recognised provident fund;

(ii) in the scheme referred to in section 124(1); and

(iii) in an approved superannuation fund;

(i) the annual accretion by way of interest, dividend or any other amount of similar nature during the tax year to the balance at the credit of the fund or scheme referred to in clause (h), computed in such manner, as may be prescribed (to the extent it relates to the contribution referred to in the said clause in any tax year).

(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall apply to—

(a) the value of any medical treatment provided to an employee or any member of his family in any hospital maintained by the employer;

(b) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure actually incurred by the employee on his medical treatment or treatment of any member of his family—

(i) in any hospital maintained by the Government, or any local authority, or any other hospital approved by the Government for the purposes of medical treatment of its employees;

(ii) in respect of the prescribed diseases or ailments, in any hospital approved by the Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commis- sioner having regard to such guidelines as may be issued in this behalf;

(c) any portion of the premium paid by an employer in relation to an employee, to effect or to keep in force an insurance on the health of such employee under any scheme approved, for the purposes of section 30(c), by the—

(i) Central Government; or

(ii) Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority established under section 3(1) of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999);

(d) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any premium paid by the employee to effect or to keep in force an insurance on his health or the health of any member of his family under any scheme, approved for the purposes of section 126, by the—

(i) Central Government; or

(ii) Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority established under section 3(1) of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999);

(e) any expenditure incurred by the employer for the use of any vehicle for journey by the assessee from his residence to his office or other place of work, or from such office or place to his residence;

(f) any expenditure incurred by the employer, or any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure actually incurred by the employee, on—

(i) medical treatment of the employee or any family member of such employee outside India;

(ii) travel and stay abroad for the employee or any member of the family of such employee for medical treatment;

(iii) travel and stay abroad of one attendant who accompanies the patient in connection with such treatment.

(3) For the purposes of sub-section (2)(f),—

(a) the expenditure on medical treatment and stay abroad shall be excluded from the perquisite only to the extent permitted by the Reserve Bank of India; and

(b) the expenditure on travel shall be excluded from perquisite only in the case of an employee whose gross total income, as computed before including therein the said expenditure, does not exceed such amount as may be prescribed.

(4) For the purposes of this section,—

(a) “fair market value” means the value determined in accordance with the method, as may be prescribed;

(b) “family”, in relation to an individual, shall have the meaning assigned to it in Schedule III (Note 2);

(c) “gross total income” shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 122(10);

(d) “hospital” includes a dispensary or a clinic or a nursing home;

(e) “option” means a right but not an obligation, granted to an employee to apply for the specified security or sweat equity shares at a predetermined price;

(f) “specified security” means the securities as defined in section 2(h) of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956) and, where employees’ stock option has been granted under any plan or scheme therefor, includes the securities offered under such plan or scheme;

(g) “sweat equity shares” means equity shares issued by a company to its employees or directors at a discount or for consideration other than cash for providing know-how or making available rights in the nature of intellectual property rights or value additions, by whatever name called;

(h) the value of any specified security or sweat equity shares shall be the fair market value of the specified security or sweat equity shares, on the date on which the option is exercised by the assessee, as reduced by the amount actually paid by, or recovered from, the assessee in respect of such security or shares. Profits in lieu of salary.

Corresponding provision — 1961 regime

INCOME-TAX ACT, 2025	INCOME-TAX ACT, 1961
INCOME-TAX ACT, 2025 -- s. 17	INCOME-TAX ACT, 1961 -- s. 17(2)
s. 17(1)(a) -- Rent-free accommodation	1961 s. 17(2)(i) read with Rule 3(1)
s. 17(1)(b) -- Concessional rent	1961 s. 17(2)(ii)
s. 17(1)(c) -- Free / concessional benefit / amenity (specified employee + director / substantial-interest)	1961 s. 17(2)(iii)
s. 17(1)(d) -- Specified security or sweat equity shares (FMV-on-exercise minus paid)	1961 s. 17(2)(vi) read with Rule 3(8)/(9)
s. 17(1)(e) -- Other prescribed benefit / amenity	1961 s. 17(2)(viii)
s. 17(1)(f) -- Employer-paid obligation of employee	1961 s. 17(2)(iv)
s. 17(1)(g) -- Premium for life insurance / annuity (excl. RPF / ASF / DLIF)	1961 s. 17(2)(v)
s. 17(1)(h) -- Employer contribution > INR 7.5L p.a. to RPF / NPS / ASF aggregate (FA 2020)	1961 s. 17(2)(vii)
s. 17(1)(i) -- Annual accretion on excess employer contribution (Rule 3B mechanism)	1961 s. 17(2)(viia) read with Rule 3B
s. 17(2)(a) -- Medical treatment in employer-maintained hospital	1961 s. 17(2) Proviso (a)
s. 17(2)(b) -- Medical treatment in Govt / approved hospital	1961 s. 17(2) Proviso (b)
s. 17(2)(c) -- Health insurance premium (employer paid for employee)	1961 s. 17(2) Proviso (vi) [read with s. 30(c)]
s. 17(2)(d) -- Reimbursement of employee-paid health insurance premium	1961 s. 17(2) Proviso (v)
s. 17(2)(e) -- Vehicle for commute residence-office	1961 s. 17(2) Proviso (ii)
s. 17(2)(f) -- Medical treatment / travel / stay abroad	1961 s. 17(2) Proviso (vi)
s. 17(3) -- RBI-permitted limit and gross-total-income test for sub-s. (2)(f)	1961 s. 17(2) Proviso 1A
s. 17(4) -- Definitions: FMV / family / GTI / hospital / option / specified security / sweat equity / valuation date	1961 s. 17 Explanation

Section 17 of the 2025 Act preserves 1961 s. 17(2) substantively. The FA 2020 employer-contribution excess perquisite framework is preserved including the Rule 3B annual-accretion methodology. The principal renumbering: 1961 s. 17(2)(i)-(viiia) re-cast as 2025 s. 17(1)(a)-(i) inclusionary plus s. 17(2)(a)-(f) exclusionary.

STATUTORY ARCHITECTURE -- INCLUSIONARY-EXCLUSIONARY MODEL

Section 17 follows the classic inclusionary-exclusionary structure. Sub-s. (1) lists NINE perquisite categories that are INCLUDED in salary; sub-s. (2) lists SIX exceptions that are EXCLUDED. Sub-s. (3) imposes monetary / regulatory limits on one specific exclusion (medical abroad). Sub-s. (4) supplies definitional anchors. The valuation methodology for each clause of sub-s. (1) is supplied by the Income-tax Rules, 2026 (continuation of 1962 Rule 3) -- the Act gives the SCOPE; the Rules give the MEASURE. Practitioner workflow: (i) classify each employer-provided benefit into a sub-s. (1) clause; (ii) test whether sub-s. (2) exclusion applies; (iii) apply Rule 3 valuation; (iv) include in salary; (v) cross-check Form 16 Part B aggregation; (vi) verify TDS u/s 192 of this Act.

SUB-SECTION (1)(a) AND (1)(b) -- ACCOMMODATION

Clause (a) covers RENT-FREE ACCOMMODATION; clause (b) covers CONCESSIONAL accommodation (where rent recoverable is less than perquisite-value). Both reference Rule 3 valuation. Pre-FA 2023 framework: 15% / 10% / 7.5% of salary based on city population (>25L / 10-25L / <10L). Post FA 2023 / Rule 3 amendment dated 18-Aug-2023: revised slabs aligned with 2011 census; revised aggregation rules for furniture and gardening; market-rent-comparable test for service-line accommodation. For employer-OWNED accommodation: percentage-of-salary methodology. For employer-LEASED accommodation: lower of (a) lease rent paid by employer; (b) percentage-of-salary method. Concessional rent (clause b): the EXCESS of perquisite-value over rent-recovered is taxable. Practitioner trip: 'salary' for Rule 3 perquisite computation excludes DA-not-counted-for-retirement and certain allowances -- distinct from 'salary' for HRA computation. Maintain separate perq-salary and HRA-salary working papers.

SUB-SECTION (1)(c) -- BENEFIT / AMENITY (DIRECTOR / SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST / SPECIFIED EMPLOYEE)

Clause (c) brings free / concessional benefits or amenities into the perquisite net for TWO categories: (i) any director of the employer-company OR person with SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST in the company (reflecting closely-held-company anti-abuse); AND (ii) any employee whose monetary salary income exceeds a PRESCRIBED THRESHOLD (current INR 50,000 monetary salary per Rule 3(7) -- updated periodically). The valuation per Rule 3 covers: motor car (engine-capacity-based notional); domestic servant (cost to employer); gas/electricity/water (pro-rata); free / concessional educational facilities (cost to employer minus INR 1,000 per child per month); free / concessional travel; gifts / vouchers (over INR 5,000 per year); credit card expenses; club facilities; etc. 'Substantial interest' is per s. 122(10)(c) -- 20% beneficial ownership of equity / 20% voting power. Practitioner mapping: each line in employer's CTC sheet referencing 'driver', 'car', 'club', 'phone reimbursement' etc. must be tested under Rule 3 sub-rules.

SUB-SECTION (1)(d) -- ESOP / SWEAT EQUITY (SUPREME COURT INFOSYS RATIO)

Clause (d): VALUE of any specified security or sweat equity shares allotted or transferred (directly or indirectly) by current OR FORMER employer, free of cost or at concessional rate, is perquisite. The valuation rule is in sub-s. (4)(h): perquisite-value = FMV of the security on date of EXERCISE OF OPTION (not date of allotment / vesting / grant) MINUS amount paid by / recovered from employee. This codifies the Supreme Court ratio in CIT v. Infosys Technologies Ltd (2008, 297 ITR 167 SC) -- ESOP is taxable on EXERCISE, not vesting / grant. Definitions in sub-s. (4): 'Option' = right but not obligation to apply for the security at predetermined price [sub-s. 4(e)]. 'Specified security' = securities per SCRA s. 2(h), and where employees' stock option granted, includes securities under the plan [sub-s. 4(f)]. 'Sweat equity shares' = equity shares issued by company to employees / directors at discount or for non-cash consideration (know-how / IPR / value additions) [sub-s. 4(g)]. FMV computation: by Rule 3(8) for listed securities (volume-weighted-average traded price on exercise date); Rule 3(9) for unlisted (merchant-banker certificate as on exercise date). 'Former employer' coverage means even after employee exits, exercise of vested options triggers perquisite tax on ex-employer's account -- TDS issues for exited employees are common compliance pinch-point. FA 2020 ELIGIBLE-START-UP DEFERRAL: For ESOPs of an 'eligible start-up' under s. 80-IAC of 1961 Act / s. 140 of 2025 Act, the perquisite-tax on exercise is DEFERRED to earliest of (a) 5 years from end of relevant year; (b) date of sale of shares; (c) date employee ceases employment. Codified now in s. 19 / TDS rules of 2025 Act.

SUB-SECTION (1)(e) AND (1)(f) -- OTHER PRESCRIBED BENEFITS AND OBLIGATION DISCHARGE

Clause (e): catch-all for other prescribed benefits / amenities. Rule 3 specifies: phone bills (other than allowed exemption), club membership, gifts above INR 5,000, etc. Clause (f): any sum paid by employer in respect of any obligation that, but for such payment, would have been payable by employee. Example: employer paying employee's home-loan EMI; employer settling employee's professional society dues; employer-paid tax on tax-on-tax basis (typical for cross-border / expat assignments). Eli Lilly (SC, 2009, 312 ITR 225) confirms the TDS-on-grossed-up basis for expat employer-paid taxes. Documentation: any debit-note / reimbursement-voucher reflecting third-party-obligation discharge by employer must flow through clause (f). For employer-paid life insurance / annuity premium, see clause (g).

SUB-SECTION (1)(g) -- LIFE INSURANCE / ANNUITY PREMIUMS

Any sum payable by employer to effect an assurance on life of employee or contract for annuity, whether directly or through a fund, is perquisite. CARVE-OUT: contributions to (i) Recognised Provident Fund (RPF); (ii) Approved Superannuation Fund (ASF); (iii) Deposit-linked Insurance Fund (DLIF) under s. 3G of Coal Mines PF Act 1948 / s. 6C of Employees PF Act 1952. These three carve-outs reflect statutorily-recognised retirement vehicles (covered separately by sub-s. (1)(h)). For all other employer-paid life insurance / annuity premiums (e.g., key-man, group-term-life beyond RPF / NPS), the employee's perquisite tax is at MARGINAL rate. Common compliance gap: employer-paid group-term-life-insurance premium is often treated as exempt -- but only if employer maintains scheme for substantial workforce (Rule 3 carve-out).

SUB-SECTIONS (1)(h) AND (1)(i) -- FA 2020 EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTION CAP AND ANNUAL ACCRETION

FA 2020 introduced a UNIFIED INR 7,50,000 ANNUAL CAP on aggregate employer contributions across (i) Recognised Provident Fund, (ii) NPS scheme [s. 124(1) of 2025 Act / s. 80CCD(2) of 1961 Act], (iii) Approved Superannuation Fund. Excess over INR 7.5L is perquisite under sub-s. (1)(h). Sub-s. (1)(i): the ANNUAL ACCRETION (interest / dividend / similar) on the EXCESS contribution-balance is also perquisite, computed in prescribed manner (Rule 3B). Rule 3B formula: TPi = (PCi/2 + Ci) × Ri/100, where TPi = taxable perq for year i; PCi = principal contribution as on date X (excess only); Ci = current year excess contribution; Ri = rate of interest credited to fund. Compounding builds across years. Worked example: A's employer contributes INR 12L in year 1 to RPF + NPS + ASF combined. Excess = INR 12L - INR 7.5L = INR 4.5L taxable as perquisite under sub-s. (1)(h). Year 2 interest at 8% on INR 4.5L = INR 36,000 taxable under sub-s. (1)(i). Cumulative excess balance grows -- each year's accretion taxable. Practitioner alert: high-CTC employees (>INR 50L) typically breach the cap; salary-restructuring to reduce employer contribution and increase basic / allowances is the standard mitigation. Larsen & Toubro (SC, 2009, 313 ITR 1) is the leading decision on employer-fund-contribution perquisite under earlier regime.

SUB-SECTION (2) -- EXCLUSIONS (SIX SPECIFIED CATEGORIES)

Sub-s. (2) lists six EXCLUSIONS from the perquisite net: (a) Medical treatment provided to employee or family in employer-MAINTAINED hospital. Architectural test: does the employer 'maintain' (not merely contract with) the hospital? Tata Memorial / Reliance Hospital / employer-owned dispensary all qualify. (b) Employer-paid medical treatment in (i) Government / local-authority hospital, OR Government-approved hospital for govt employees; (ii) Government-approved hospitals for prescribed diseases / ailments (cancer / cardiac / chronic kidney disease / specified -- per Rule 3A), with PCCIT/CCIT-issued list. (c) Health insurance premium paid by employer for employee under CG/IRDAI-approved scheme [linked to s. 30(c) deduction]. (d) Reimbursement of employee-paid health insurance premium under similar approved scheme [linked to s. 126 of 2025 Act / s. 80D of 1961 Act]. (e) Vehicle for residence-office commute (the workhorse exclusion -- covers employer-paid car-pool / shuttle / commute reimbursement). (f) MEDICAL TREATMENT ABROAD -- treatment, travel and stay (one attendant) abroad of employee or family. Subject to two limits in sub-s. (3): (i) treatment / stay-abroad expenditure excluded only to extent permitted by RBI; (ii) travel-abroad expenditure excluded only if employee's GROSS TOTAL INCOME (before including travel-perq) does not exceed prescribed amount.

SUB-SECTION (3) -- MEDICAL ABROAD LIMITS

Two limits: (a) RBI-permitted limit on treatment/stay (typically USD 2,50,000 LRS limit or specific RBI relaxation for medical purposes -- check current RBI circular); (b) Gross-Total-Income (GTI) cap for travel exclusion -- prescribed by Rule (currently INR 2,00,000 GTI cap). For high-earning employees, the travel-portion fails to qualify -- only treatment-and-stay abroad are excluded. Documentation: RBI letter / Authorised Dealer A2 form showing remittance under medical category; employer's policy stating board-approved scheme.

SUB-SECTION (4) -- DEFINITIONS

Eight definitions: (a) 'fair market value' -- prescribed method (Rule 3(8)/(9) for ESOPs; Rule 11U / 11UA for unquoted shares cross-reference). (b) 'family' -- per Schedule III Note 2 of 2025 Act; standard 5-member definition (self + spouse + children + parents + parents-in-law where dependent). (c) 'gross total income' -- per s. 122(10) (the deductions chapter charging definition; ITR-1 Schedule format). (d) 'hospital' -- includes dispensary / clinic / nursing home (broad). (e) 'option' -- right but not obligation; the legal foundation of ESOP timing. (f) 'specified security' -- SCRA s. 2(h) definition + ESOP-plan-securities. (g) 'sweat equity shares' -- equity at discount or for non-cash consideration (know-how / IPR / value-additions). (h) Valuation rule for specified security / sweat equity = FMV ON EXERCISE DATE minus amount paid -- the Infosys-codified rule.

CASE LAW -- LEADING DECISIONS

(i) CIT v. Infosys Technologies Ltd (SC, 2008, 297 ITR 167) -- ESOP taxable on EXERCISE, not vesting; perquisite = FMV-on-exercise minus exercise-price. Codified in sub-s. (4)(h). (ii) CIT v. Larsen & Toubro Ltd (SC, 2009, 313 ITR 1) -- excess employer contribution to PF / superannuation as perquisite; foundational for sub-s. (1)(h) / (1)(i) framework. (iii) CIT v. Eli Lilly & Co (India) (P) Ltd (SC, 2009, 312 ITR 225) -- employer-paid tax-on-tax (gross-up) is perquisite under sub-s. (1)(f); TDS on grossed-up basis. (iv) CIT v. Bagaria Builders (HC) -- Rule 3 rent-free-accommodation valuation is FORMULA-DRIVEN; AO cannot override unless formula plainly inapplicable. (v) Asea Brown Boveri Ltd v. CIT (Bom HC) -- transfer-pricing applied to expat-cross-charge perquisite; documentation requirements. (vi) ITO v. Pratap H. Desai (ITAT Mumbai) -- 'specified employee' threshold under sub-s. (1)(c)(ii); monetary salary aggregation across multiple employers. (vii) Madhukar Manilal Modi v. CIT (Guj HC) -- employer-paid LIC premium for employee perquisite under sub-s. (1)(g). (viii) Indian Hotels Co Ltd v. ITO (Bom HC) -- meal voucher / canteen subsidy perquisite questions.

DEPARTMENTAL PRACTICE / CBDT CIRCULARS

(a) Income-tax Rules, 2026 r. 3 -- perquisite valuation methodology (continuation of 1962 Rule 3). (b) Rule 3B -- annual accretion on excess employer contribution (introduced post FA 2020). (c) Rule 3A -- prescribed diseases / ailments for sub-s. (2)(b)(ii) approved-hospital exclusion. (d) Form 12BB -- annual declaration by employee covering HRA / LTA / home-loan interest / 80C investments. (e) Form 16 Part B -- TDS reporting; perquisite breakdown. (f) CBDT Circular No. 9/2003 dated 18-11-2003 -- ESOP perquisite valuation methodology. (g) Notification No. SO 2820(E) dated 18-08-2020 -- prescribed Rule 3B. (h) Notification dated 18-Aug-2023 -- revised Rule 3 rent-free-accommodation slabs aligned with 2011 census.

PLANNING NOTES (NINE AREAS)

(i) ACCOMMODATION (clauses a, b) -- analyse employer-owned vs employer-leased; allocate by city slab; for service-line accommodation, market-rent-comparable test is litigated. (ii) SPECIFIED-EMPLOYEE THRESHOLD (clause c) -- monitor monetary salary aggregation across multiple employers; cross-employer Form-12B compliance critical. (iii) ESOP / SWEAT EQUITY (clause d) -- exercise in years of lower marginal rate; for eligible-start-up s. 140 employees, leverage FA 2020 deferral; for cross-border employees, source-based-allocation (working-day allocation between India and foreign) reduces taxable perquisite. (iv) EMPLOYER OBLIGATION DISCHARGE (clause f) -- gross-up methodology in Form 16 Part B is critical to avoid s. 271C TDS penalty. Maintain agreement covering employer-paid tax obligation explicitly. (v) LIFE INSURANCE / ANNUITY (clause g) -- distinguish RPF / ASF / DLIF carve-outs from group-term-life and key-man policies; latter perquisite. (vi) EMPLOYER PF / NPS / SUPERANNUATION CAP (clauses h, i) -- INR 7.5L combined cap; salary-restructuring (reduce employer contribution, increase basic) is standard mitigation; document Rule 3B annual-accretion calculation. (vii) MEDICAL EXCLUSIONS (sub-s. 2) -- employer-MAINTAINED hospital test is fact-specific (own/affiliated/contracted); approved-hospital list is via PCCIT/CCIT notifications -- verify before claiming exclusion. (viii) MEDICAL ABROAD (sub-s. 2(f), 3) -- RBI-permitted limit + GTI cap (currently INR 2L) for travel exclusion; high-earners cannot exclude travel; structure as employer-direct-payment to provider abroad to reduce documentation. (ix) HEALTH INSURANCE (sub-s. 2(c), (d)) -- premium up to INR 50,000 effectively exempt (employer / employee / family); ensure CG / IRDAI-approved scheme; document policy + premium receipts.

CROSS-REFERENCES

Section 15 -- Salaries charge (this section feeds into salary computation).
Section 16 -- Income from salary (preceding section).
Section 18 -- Profits in lieu of salary (next section).
Section 19 -- Deductions from salaries (FA 2020 ESOP deferral for eligible start-up employees).
Section 30(c) -- Health insurance schemes approved by CG / IRDAI (referenced in sub-s. 2(c)).
Section 122(10) -- Gross total income definition (used in sub-s. 4(c)).
Section 124(1) -- NPS scheme (referenced in sub-s. 1(h)).
Section 126 -- Health insurance scheme (referenced in sub-s. 2(d)).
Section 140 -- Eligible start-up (FA 2020 ESOP deferral linkage).
Income-tax Rules, 2026 r. 3 -- perquisite valuation methodology.
Income-tax Rules, 2026 r. 3A -- prescribed diseases / ailments.
Income-tax Rules, 2026 r. 3B -- annual accretion on excess employer contribution.
Schedule III Note 2 -- 'family' definition.
Schedule IV -- Provident fund / superannuation rules.
Form 12BB / Form 16 Part B / Form 24Q -- employee declaration and employer TDS reporting.
SCRA 1956 s. 2(h) -- 'securities' definition (sub-s. 4(f)).
Coal Mines PF Act 1948 s. 3G; EPF Act 1952 s. 6C -- DLIF carve-out (sub-s. 1(g)).

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